Sakit lutut satu phenomena yang bakal menyerang kita , tidak adakah cara untuk mengelak

Pembedahan lutut adakah satu penyelesaian

Dulu dulu semasa saya kecil , sering saya perhatikan semasa hari kenduri akan ada beberapa makcik makcik yang berbadan besar berjalan terhoyong hayang , ada yang menngunakan tongkat ada juga yang tidak menggunakan tongkat. Ada yang berjalan tinggi rendah seolah olah kaki tidak sama panjang ada jugak yang berjalan seolah olah seperti penguin .Pada ketika itu saya hanya memikirkan mungkin mereka ni sakit di sebabkan kegemukan mereka tapi hari demi hari saya mula perasaan , bukan hanya golongan yang gemuk malah golongan kurus juga tidak kurang yang mengalami penyakit lulut ini.

  Jika kita hendak meneka  apakah faktor yang menyebabkan kita termasuk dalam kumpulan yang berisiko tinggi untuk mendapat sakit lutut amat lah sukar kerana sakit lutut tidak mempunyai unsur unsur yang jelas yang boleh di jadikan pedoman untuk mengelakkannya daripada berlaku.

Secara kasarnya sakit lutut in tidak hanya menyerang pada golongan tua sahaja walaupun pada hari ini adalah agak ketara golongan yang paling banyak mengidap sakit lutut adalah golongan wanita yang berumur 50 an ke atas, nanti saya akan jelaskan.Sakit lutut sebenarnya boleh di bahagikan kepada beberapa punca.

  • trauma  misalnya kecederaan pada tulang rawan dan kerusakan tendon atau ligament -setiap trauma akan menyebabkan hilangnya normal alignment pada lutut.
  • Penyakit tertentu, seperti osteoartritis atau perubahan dengan umur ini sama seperti kejadia uban biasanya satu perubahan semulajadi yang berkaitan dengan umur dan perubahan hormon.
  • Perdarahan pada sendi atau haematoma selalu berlaku pada pesakit pesakit yang menggunakan ubat cair darah seperti aspirin.
  • Jangkitan kuman , misalnya artritis septik – sendi menjadi panas , sangat sakit sehingga tidak boleh bergerak langsung keadaan ini biasa berlaku pada pesakit pesakit kronik yang mempunyai pelbagai penyakit.
  • Tanda tanda Sakit Lutut

    Tidak semua penderita akan merasakan gejala yang sama saat menderita sakit lutut. Perbedaan ini terjadi karena penyebabnya pun berbeda-beda. Beberapa gejala yang dapat menyertai sakit lutut, di antaranya adalah:

    • Bengkak lutut.
    • Lutut yang terasa keras  atau tidak boleh  diluruskan.
    • Bunyi bunyi  pada lutut.
    • Permukaan kulit di daerah lutut berwarna kemerahan dan hangat jika disentuh.
    • Sendi lutut tidak stabil  atau tidak boleh menahan beban tubuh.
    • Sakit sangat kuat kadang kadang sehingga demam
    • Perubahan bentuk pada lutut – kelihatan seperti membengkok.
  •  Siapakah yang berisiko Mendapat sakit Lutut
  • Orang yang mempunyai berat badan yang berlebihan atau obesity. Kondisi ini akan memberi beban lebih pada lutut sehingga meningkatkan risiko sakit lutut.
  • Jenis olahraga tertentu, misalnya sepak bola ,rugby, berlari jarak jauh
  • Pernah mengalami kecederaan pada lutut seperti ligament injury , meniscus injury atau collateral ligament injury.
  • keturunan yang selalu sakit lutut.
  •  

    Diagnosis Sakit Lutut

    Pada tahap awal, doktor akan melakukan pemeriksaan fisikal pada pesakit. Misalnya dengan memeriksa pembengkakan pada lutut dan batas maksimal gerakan dari lutut yang sakit.

    Pemeriksaan lebih mendetail kemudian akan dianjurkan guna mendiagnosis penyebabnya, seperti X RAY, USG, CT scan, atau MRI. Melalui pemeriksaan tersebut dapat dilihat kondisi tulang serta sendi pada lutut pesakit..

    Pemeriksaan darah dapat disarankan apabila dokter menduga sakit lutut pasien disebabkan oleh jangkitan kuman atau kondisi medis lain, misalnya penyakit Gout

  • .

    Rawatan dan Pencegahan Sakit Lutut

    Setelah mengetahui penyebab sakit lutut yang diderita pesakit, rawatan yang diberikan mesti mengambil tahu beberapa faktor .Asas kepada rawatan adalah untuk mengawal sakit.tetapi kebergantungan terhadap ubat tahan sakit akan mencetus kan radang perut atau gastritis. Menggunakan ubat tahan sakit secara berpanjangan juga boleh menjejaskan buah pinggang

    • Ubat ubatan, seperti analgesik atau ubat tahan sakit bagi  meredakan sakit, atau suntikan kortikosteroid, , serta platelet-rich plasma (PRP) guna mengurangi peradangan. PRP lebih efektif pada pesakit berusia muda dan pesakit  dengan artritis ringan.
    • Fisioterapi untuk melatih dan menguatkan otot.
    • Operasi/Pembedahan  untuk menangani cedera. Contohnya adalah operasi untuk kecederaan ligaments. Operasi juga dapat dilakukan dengan teknik artroskopi, dengan luka operasi yang minimal.
  • Di samping penanganan medis, ada beberapa cara yang bisa Anda lakukan di rumah untuk mempercepat pemulihan sekaligus mencegah komplikasi. Langkah-langkah tersebut meliputi:
    • Banyak istirahat agar lutut terhindar dari tekanan sehingga cedera dapat pulih lebih cepat.
    • Mendemah lutut dengan ais. Langkah ini bisa mengurangi rasa sakit, sekaligus mengurangkan radang lutut.
    • Mengurangkan  pergerakan pada lutut, misalnya dengan menggunakan tongkat  .
    • Menaruh kaki yang cedera pada posisi lebih tinggi. Contohnya adalah dengan meletakkan kaki di atas bantal. Cara ini bisa membantu mengurangi pembengkakan.

 Rawatan

Rawatan masalah ini bergantung kepada penyebab sakit lutut tersebut. Selalunya bagi masalah yang kronik seperti osteoarthritis, ubat tahan sakit akan diberikan. Pesakit perlulah mengambil ubat tersebut jika sakit itu terlampau kuat. Jika tidak, ia tidak perlu diambil dengan kerap kerana boleh menyebabkan masalah gastrik.

 

Suntikan

Terdapat beberapa ubat yang boleh disuntik pada bahagian lutut untuk mengurangkan sakit dan merawat masalah tersebut. Ianya adalah:

  • Steroid: Suntikan steroid dalam lutut boleh mengurangkan rasa sakit dan keradangan dibahagian lutut. Ia boleh bertahan untuk beberapa bulan lamanya. Akan tetapi ia tidaklah berkesan kepada semua jenis sakit lutut
  • Asid hyaluronik: Cecair asid hyaluronik merupakan salah satu cecair yang berada di dalam sendi yang berfungsi sebagai pelincir. Suntikan asid hyaluronik dapat mengurangkan rasa sakit tersebut selama beberapa bulan
  • Tidak semua pesakit dapat menjalani pembedahan kerana faktor usia yang kadang kadang sudah lanjut atau kos yang tinggi untuk pembedahan atau pesakit kencing manis yang risau dengan masalah luka yang lambat sembuh dan pembedahan juga memerlukan physiotherapi yang berpanjangan maka amat sukar bagi pesakit pesakit tua yang tinggal kesaorangan.

Pembedahan

Sebelum rawatan pembedahan dilakukan, pesakit selalunya diberi masa untuk memikirkan perkara tersebut. Terdapat beberapa jenis pembedahan dilakukan untuk beberapa jenis punca sakit lutut. Ianya adalah

  • Knee Replacement: Dalam pembedahan ini, lutut pesakit akan digantikan dengan lutut yang baru terdiri daripada logam khas. Ia selalunya dilakukan pada pesakit yang mengalami masalah osteoarthritis yang teruk .Pembedahan biasanya mengurangkan kesakitan tetapi pesakit masih tidak dapat duduk mencangkung dan biasnya ketahanan implant boleh bertahan sekitar 10 tahun .
 
 
 

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